Chipboard (official abbreviation – chipboard, unofficially – chipboard) – sheet composite material made by hot pressing wood particles, mainly chips, mixed with a binder of non-mineral origin with the introduction, if necessary, of special additives [4] (6–18% of the mass of chips) on single- and multi-storey periodic presses 0.2–5 MPa, 120–190 °C) [5] or in continuous belt, caterpillar or extrusion units.
Chipboard was made back in the 1930s by the German inventor Max Himmelheber . The first commercial example was made at the Bremen factory in 1941 using phenolic binders and spruce chips. Himmelheber received a patent for the modern particle board on January 27, 1951 and licensed his patents to more than 80 manufacturers
Currently, the board is a widely used structural material for the production of furniture, used in construction, etc. The annual production of chipboard in the world in 1978 was 45 million m³
The invention of boards made it possible to dramatically increase the use of wood: in the 1930s in Germany, the yield of wood products was only 40% by weight of the harvested wood; currently waste is less than 10%
The global demand for chipboard is constantly growing, and between 2012 and 2016 demand increased from 75 million m³ to 88 million m³. The main consumers of chipboard in the world are China, which accounts for a quarter of the world consumption of chipboard, and Europe, which consumes another 40%. In 2012-2016, the largest growth in chipboard consumption was shown by China – 14.8%, North America – 4.1% and Europe – 3.5%. In 2016, particle board production in Russia amounted to 6.6 million m³, with domestic consumption of 5.2 million m³. The export of chipboard increased by 30% compared to 2015 and amounted to 1.6 million m³ in 2016. Exports to the CIS countries, the traditional sales market for Russian chipboard, accounted for 81% of the total in 2016.
Density – 0.5-1.0 g / cm³, swelling in water – 5-30%, tensile strength – not less than 0.2-0.5 MPa, flexural strength – not less than 10-25 MPa, humidity – 5-12%
Nominal dimensions of boards according to GOST 10632-2014 “Wood chipboards. Specifications” and their deviations:
| Parameter | Value, mm | Maximum deviation, mm | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thickness | >1.0 with gradation 1.0 | for polished boards | ±0.3 |
| for unsanded boards | −0.3 …+1.7 | ||
| Length | >1800 with gradation 10 | ±5.0 | |
| Width | >1200 with gradation 10 | ±5.0 | |
They are used for the manufacture of cabinet, upholstered and other furniture , building elements (before the widespread use of gypsum fiber (GVL), gypsum plasterboard (GCR) sheets and oriented strand boards (OSB) were widely used in construction, including as formwork, partitions in rooms, dry plaster, in frame-panel wooden construction), wagons and in the production of containers.
Plates can be lined with veneer , paper , polymer films, plastic.
Chipboard lined with films based on thermosetting polymers [11] (informal, often used abbreviation – chipboard) is a chipboard made on the basis of high-quality chipboard, lined at high pressure and temperature with a resistant melamine film and sometimes (for expensive varieties chipboard, lined with films based on thermosetting polymers) coated with a special varnishresistant to moisture and mechanical damage. Lamination provides a good appearance, high consumer qualities and improves physical and mechanical properties. Chipboard lined with films based on thermosetting polymers does not require further finishing and is widely used for furniture production.
Wood particles in such boards are located predominantly perpendicular to the plane of the board, as a result of which these boards have low bending strength perpendicular to the plane. In Russia, the production of extrusion boards is practically absent. Chipboards of the extrusion pressing method are divided into tubular, strip, soundproof and fireproof. Slabs vary considerably in density, size, weight and cost. In particular, tubular extrusion boards are used in the production of interior doors, as they have a high degree of sound insulation
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